Feline Leukemia and FIV
It is a good idea to test all newly adopted kittens and cats for FeLV and FIV
What are these diseases?
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are the two most common feline infectious diseases that result in death. Infection has both direct and indirect effects on feline health such as bone marrow suppression, malignant cancer (i.e. leukemia, lymphoma), immunodeficiency, and a variety of other clinical syndromes. Both diseases have a worldwide prevalence in cats.
How are these viruses transmitted?
Either virus can be spread from mother to fetus during pregnancy or by passing infected blood to non-infected cats (i.e. cat bites, sexual contact). Additionally, FeLV can also be spread by another route, which is via salivary secretions contaminating the eye, mouth or nose of non-infected cats by licking, sharing food/water dishes, etc. FeLV is considered more contagious than FIV.
My kitten/cat looks perfectly healthy so why should I test him/her?
All newly adopted kittens/cats should be tested for the following reasons:
- Both viruses have very long incubation periods. That means that your kitten/cat may appear healthy for up to 6 years, all the while infecting other cats without your knowledge.
- FeLV/FIV infections will have future health ramifications, as secondary infections are common. The sooner you and your veterinarian know the health status of your cat, the sooner you can respond to complications associated with infection. Early recognition is the key to longevity and quality of life.
- Existing multi-cat households. A new cat/kitten may bring either infection to your other cat(s).
- Additional cats may join or visit the household in the future.
- Indoor cats may escape and potentially infect other cats.
Can either these diseases be cured?
Unfortunately, there is no cure. Like the common "cold" in humans, there is not a cure for any viral infection in any species. However, with regular health care and management, infected cats can live long happy lives. This is why early recognition is crucial for the best possible outcome.
What is involved in the testing?
A simple blood test is all that is needed. We recommend testing indoor, solitary kittens at the time of their pre-operative (spay or neuter) blood work. For cats entering multi-cat households, we recommend testing before integration of the new cat to the rest of the household.
Should I vaccinate my kitten/cat for these diseases?
Vaccination should not be considered a substitute for testing in cats. The recommendation for vaccination is dependant on the lifestyle of your cat. Please consult with your veterinarian as to whether vaccination is suitable for your new kitten/cat.
More Information
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